用于建筑项目的 DMX 控制 LED 柔性霓虹灯--技术指南

A new generation of LED architectural lighting is emerging: LED neon flex can fit perfectly into shaped building skins, consume 85% less energy than traditional neon, and with the DMX512 intelligent control system, 2.56 million color combinations can be realized in a single building.

The spiral light effect of Shanghai Center Tower and the pixelated light show of Guangzhou Tower confirm the infinite possibilities of digital lighting. More noteworthy is the integration of IOT technology—the lighting system of Ping An Building in Shenzhen can respond to PM2.5 data in real time and visualize urban air quality with light and shadow. Intelligent lighting transforms the building façade into a digital canvas, which can be programmed to seamlessly switch between scenes such as holiday celebrations and public service campaigns. The lights in Milan’s Vertical Forest even mimic the photosynthesis rhythms of trees, making the building a living organism.

In architectural lighting design, DMX-controlled LED neon Flex is reshaping spatial aesthetics with its superior flexibility and dynamic expressiveness. Through the DMX512 protocol, designers can precisely regulate the brightness, color, and dynamics of each strip, enabling infinite creativity from gradual breathing to complex rhythms. This technical guide will analyze the DMX lighting system architecture, design points, and product selection of conventional equipment. I hope you read it to help you and help your project faster implementation.

Advantages of DMX512 protocol in intelligent lighting

The DMX512 protocol achieves light-by-light control through 512 independent channels, which can accurately drive multi-dimensional parameters such as color, brightness, dynamic effects, etc., to meet the stringent requirements of complex light effects in scenes such as stages and building facades.

Its millisecond response speed ensures the synchronized operation of large-scale lamps and lanterns, which is especially suitable for real-time interactive applications such as dynamic light chasing and music linkage. Adopting master-slave architecture and differential signaling, it supports up to 32 devices in series and thousands of nodes, providing excellent system scalability.

Standardized interfaces and strong compatibility enable seamless access to dimmers, controllers, and various types of intelligent lamps, combined with RS485 physical layer anti-jamming characteristics, to maintain stable transmission in the complex electromagnetic environment of the project.

These technical characteristics make DMX the preferred control solution in the field of large-scale performances, theme landscapes, building facades, and other professional lighting.

Why use LED neon flex for architectural lighting?

The use of LED flexible neon strips for architectural lighting has multiple advantages. First of all, its super flexibility can fit complex curved surfaces or shaped structures, easily realize the building outline, façade decoration, dome surround, and other creative designs, giving the lighting art stronger expressive power.

The neon light strip adopts a modular design, which can be freely cut and spliced to fit different sizes of installation scenarios, greatly reducing the difficulty of construction.

Secondly, the LED light source has high luminous efficiency and low energy consumption characteristics, with an intelligent dimming system, energy efficiency compared with traditional lighting to enhance more than 50%, and low heat generation, reducing the heat load of the building.

Thirdly, it supports RGB full-color light mixing and dynamic programming and achieves color gradient, running lights, music linkage, and other effects through DMX or wireless protocols, which enhances the interactivity and technological sense of the architectural night scene.

In addition, the outer layer of the flexible strip is encapsulated with silicone or epoxy resin, with a waterproof rating up to IP67 or above, strong weather resistance, adaptability to outdoor temperature differences, rain, and ultraviolet environments, and a service life of up to 50,000 hours, which significantly reduces the maintenance cost. Its low-voltage power supply (12/24 V) characteristics also enhance electrical safety, making it the preferred solution for modern architectural lighting projects.

What is the DMX512 system?

DMX512 (Digital Multiplex 512) is a digital control protocol standard widely used in the field of stage lighting, architectural lighting, etc. It realizes precise control of fixtures through digitized signals. Its core principle is to transmit control commands by serial communication, and each DMX signal link consists of a master controller (e.g., dimmer console) and multiple slave devices (fixtures, dimmers, etc.). The system is based on the RS-485 physical layer standard, using differential signal transmission technology, with strong anti-jamming ability and a maximum transmission distance of up to 1200 meters (repeater expansion needed).

Each DMX data frame contains 512 independent control channels; each channel corresponds to 8-bit data (value range 0-255), which can adjust the brightness, color, motion track, and other parameters of the lamps. For example, an RGB LED fixture usually occupies 3 channels (1 channel each for red, green, and blue) and can receive the corresponding commands after setting the starting channel number through the address encoder. The controller sends data packets cyclically at a maximum rate of 250 kbps, refreshing about 44 times per second to ensure the real-time synchronization of lighting changes. The system supports a chained serial structure; a single line can control up to 32 devices, and through the splitter can be expanded to thousands of nodes to meet the needs of large-scale lighting projects.

DMX512 system composition mainly includes the following parts:

DMX 控制台: the main device that sends control signals (such as a lighting console or software).

DMX 接收器: the decoding module in the fixture or other equipment, receiving and executing commands.

DMX 电缆: Specialized shielded twisted pair cable,ally with a 5-pin or 3-pin XLR connector.

Terminating Resistor: A resistor (usually 120 Ω) is installed at the end of the signal chain to prevent signal reflection interference.

What are the features of DMX512 Neon Tape?

• The DMX Pixel Neon Strip consists of multiple independently controlled LED beads (pixels). Each pixel can be individually adjusted in color (e.g., RGB/RGBW) and brightness to form dynamic patterns or gradient effects. Each LED can be programmed independently to achieve delicate animation effects (e.g., running water, flashing, fading).
• Compared with traditional neon lights, it is more energy efficient, durable, and supports programming control.
• The LED neon strip wrapped with flexible materials (e.g., silicone, PVC) can be freely bent and cut to adapt to the installation environment of complex shapes (e.g., curved surfaces, curved structures).
• Long-distance transmission (up to 1200 meters), high compatibility, and can control multiple devices at the same time.
• Supports high-resolution display, suitable for text, patterns, and moving images.
• Send commands through the DMX controller, which can be synchronized with other stage lighting equipment such as moving head lights, laser lights, etc., to create a unified effect.
• Supports multi-universe expansion to meet the needs of large-scale installation (e.g., building facade, large stage).
• High waterproof grade, fearless of harsh outdoor environments, usually up to IP65 or IP67, suitable for indoor and outdoor use.
• Cuttable design: adjust the length as needed, reducing installation complexity.

How does DMX512 control an LED neon strip?

The DMX512 controller sends commands to the LED neon strip system through digital signals (following the RS-485 standard); the signal is parsed by the decoder and then matches the RGB channel data of each LED pixel according to the preset address to independently adjust the brightness (0-255 level) and color. Through the programming of preset scenes or real-time control to achieve dynamic gradients, synchronized blinking, and other effects applicable to the stage, building, and other scenes, to ensure that multiple devices work together and anti-interference, the specific control connections refer to the following circuit diagram.

DMX512 system connection circuit diagram:

DMX512 Control Device Selection

I. DMX512 Master

DMX512 masters output a signal of international standard DMX512/1990 to DMX512 decoders to control dim single color, dual color CCT, RGB, RGBW, and RGB+CCT LED lighting. The two most commonly used ones are as follows:

1. DMX512 Touch Panel Controller: Supports DMX512 output, with built-in dimming, color temperature adjustment, RGB/RGBW control functions, and the ability to manage zones (up to 4 zones), and integrates multiple dynamic modes (such as gradient and jump). Its 86-type installation design is suitable for commercial or home scenarios.

2. DMX512 controller: The DMX512 controller is a core device used for centralized regulation and control of stage lighting and architectural lighting special effects equipment. It transmits instructions through digital signals based on the DMX512 protocol. It can manage multiple devices (such as lamps and motors) simultaneously, precisely adjust parameters such as brightness, color, and dynamic effects, and identify the corresponding channel data for each device through an independent address. Support programming preset scenes or real-time control to achieve synchronization and automation of light changes.

The K-1000C and K-8000C are suitable for offline control. They can be used in a single unit or in multiple cascades to drive more LED pixels.

a. If the main lamp is below 80,000 pixels, it is recommended to use the K-1000C DMX pixel controller.
b. If the main lamp is 8,000 to 20,000 pixels, it is recommended to use the K-8000C DMX LED pixel controller.

II. DMX-SPI Decoder

Convert the DMX512 signal into a protocol recognizable by LED light strips (such as SPI). For example, chips such as TM1803 and UCS512 are used, with each chip corresponding to the RGB channel control of one or more LED pixels.

Each LED pixel needs to be assigned an independent address code, and point-by-point control is achieved through channel mapping (for example, RGB pixels occupy three DMX channels).

It can be controlled by the DMX console, and you can connect multiple DMX decoders to increase output power and achieve all functions. Various modes of change. In addition, the DMX decoder can also be used as a synchronizer. The controller separately controls the LED to achieve a synchronization effect.

III. DMX Signal Amplifier DA for Waterproof LED Neon Strips

It is used to extend the transmission distance of DMX signals, supporting 1 input and multiple outputs. It enhances signal stability through photoelectric isolation technology and is suitable for long-distance or complex electromagnetic environments.

How to configure the power supply?

A DMX512 LED neon strip system usually consists of multiple light segments, which need to reserve margin according to the total load power and dynamic changes.

1. Total load power calculation: P total = ∑ (single light section power × number)

Single light section power: DMX512 LED neon strip power per meter or per section (such as 5 W/m).

Example: There are 10 sections of light tape, each section 3 meters, with the power per meter at 8W. Total = 10 × 3 × 8 = 240 W

2. Power supply rated power calculation: power = P total × (1 + safety factor) ÷ power efficiency + P (DMX controller)

Safety Factor: It is recommended to take 0.2~0.3 (the DMX system may have frequent dimming and current fluctuations).

Power efficiency: usually 85%~95% (switching power supply is more efficient).

DMX controller power consumption: usually 5~20 W (need to refer to the specific model).

Example:

Total load 240W, safety factor 0.3, power supply efficiency 90%, controller power consumption 15W:

Power supply = 240X1.3÷0.9+15≈303+15=362W

A power supply ≥ 360W should be selected.

Branded power supplies (e.g., Mean Well XLG series) are recommended to minimize signal interference and voltage drop problems. Provide stable voltage (usually DC12V or 24V) to match the power of the light bar (e.g., 12W/m@RGB).

What is voltage drop?

Simply put, 电压降 is the energy loss that occurs during the flow of voltage in a circuit when current passes through an LED luminaire. This process is similar to the flow of water through a narrow pipe; the speed of water will be due to friction to produce a certain amount of energy loss. For LED lamps and lanterns, voltage drop will lead to insufficient power output, affecting the luminous efficacy and service life of the lamps and lanterns.

The LED strip voltage drop problem is when the LED strip is connected to the power supply, due to the length of the circuit and the small current brought about by the voltage loss, resulting in the LED strip brightness not being enough or uneven. This problem is very tricky for users who have been using LED light strips for a long time, so they must seek a solution!

LED light strip voltage drop causes:

• Smaller current: the current of LED strip lights is usually small, usually between 0.02 and 0.03 A. As a result, voltage loss occurs even in short lines and is more pronounced for long-line applications.

• Line length: Generally speaking, the longer the line length between the driver and the strip of LED strip lights, the more obvious the voltage drop problem.

• Quality issues: The quality of the LED strip can also have an impact on voltage drop issues. Some low-quality LED strips may have voltage drop problems due to excessive or insufficient internal resistance, which can increase line resistance.

How to choose wires for LED neon strip installation?

DMX512 system low voltage power supply (12V/24V DC), the line current is large, the voltage drop problem is particularly prominent, and you need to ensure that the end voltage is stable.

In order to ensure the consistency of luminous brightness before and after the lamp beads and avoid the impact of voltage drop on the light strip, usually we can use the following methods:

● Increase wire diameter: reduce line resistance (common wire diameter: 1.5mm², 2.5mm²).

● Segmented power supply: When wiring over long distances, split the power supply into multiple circuits.

● Upgrade the power supply voltage: If the voltage drop at the end is too large, use a slightly higher voltage power supply (e.g., design a 24V system instead of 12V).

To correctly deal with the voltage drop, but also not rely on the conductor to increase the wire diameter, the need to take into account the increased cost and the rationality of the wiring. We can correctly select the following steps to further compensate for the voltage drop problem.

Step 1. Calculate Tap Current

The DMX system is usually divided into multiple control circuits, which need to be calculated individually for each load circuit:

I single = P single / V work

Example: a single load of 3 sections of the strip (3m × 8 W/m × 3 sections = 72 W), the operating voltage is 24 V.

I single circuit = 72/24 = 3.0A

Step 2: Calculate the voltage drop

R=ρ×(2L/A)

ΔU=I single circuit×R line

Key parameters:

ρ: copper wire resistivity taken as 0.0172 Ω-mm²/m.

L: one-way distance from the power supply to the end (unit: meter).

A: Cross-sectional area of the wire (unit: mm²).

2L: The total length of the current round trip path is 2L.

Example:

Single circuit current 3A, line one-way length 15 meters, use 1.5mm² copper wire:

R = 0.0172 x (2 x 15/1.5) = 0.344 Ω

Voltage drop: ΔU=3AX0.344Ω≈1.032VV

End voltage: 24V-1.032V=22.97V (voltage drop of 4.29%, in line with the requirements of ≤5%).

Allowable voltage drop: usually required not to exceed 5%-10% of the operating voltage (12V system voltage drop ≤ 0.6-1.2V, 24V system ≤ 1.2-2.4V).

Precautions:

1. Separation of signal and power supply: It is recommended to take an independent power supply. A DMX controller and LED light strip are recommended to use an independent power supply to avoid interference.

2. Shielded wire: The DMX signal line needs to use twisted shielded wire (e.g., CAT5e) and keep a distance of more than 30cm from the power line.

3. Segmented power supply strategy: When installing over long distances, set up a power point every 20-30 meters to reduce single circuit voltage drop.

4. Power synchronization: When multiple power supplies are connected in parallel, ensure a common ground or use a synchronization module to avoid potential differences interfering with DMX signals.

5. Measurement of end voltage: Use a multimeter to confirm that the end voltage is ≥90% of the rated voltage.

6. Signal stability test: Check whether the DMX signal flickers or loses packets due to power interference.

7. Temperature rise test: After 1 hour of full load operation, the surface temperature of the power supply should be ≤60℃.

For outdoor installation, please refer to the post: 面向建筑师和安装人员的户外 LED 柔性霓虹灯安装解决方案.

摘要

DMX-controlled 发光二极管 Neon Flex has become an ideal choice for architectural lighting projects thanks to its standardized protocol and high anti-interference capability.

The technology achieves precise lighting control through DMX512 protocol, supports long-distance signal transmission (up to hundreds of meters) and multi-node synchronization, and can flexibly adjust the brightness, color, and dynamic effects, which is suitable for building façade decoration, landscape lighting, and other scenarios.

It adopts differential signal transmission technology to effectively avoid electromagnetic interference and supports breakpoint transmission function to enhance system stability. Practical applications need to pay attention to address settings and line planning, such as the use of the DMX512 address editor to configure the address of the lamps and lanterns and, through the controller (e.g., Interact IoT platform), to achieve centralized management and optimize energy consumption and maintenance efficiency.

Combined with intelligent dimming and zoning control, the DMX512 LED neon light system can realize precise control and even brightness through reasonable design while ensuring long-term reliable operation.